ALGORITHMS
In mathematics, method for solving a problem through a simpler computational method repeatedly. A simple example is the process of long Division in arithmetic. The term algorithm is now applied to many types of problem solving that use a mechanical sequence of steps, as in the setting up of a computer program. The order can be displayed in the form of a flowchart in order to make it easier to follow.
As with algorithms that are used in arithmetic, algorithms for computers range from the simple to the complex. In all cases, however, to achieve the task that the algorithm is definable. That is, the definition can be accompanied by mathematical or logic conditions or a compilation of data or written instructions, but the task itself must be one which in a sense. In terms of use of the ordinary computer, this means that, even when the algorithms programmable tasks themselves turn out to have no solution.
In computational devices with a built-in microcomputer logic is a form of this logic algorithm. As computers increase in complexity, increasingly take the form of software program the so-called hard software algorithms. That is, they are increasingly part of the basic circuits of computers or are easily attached deputies, as well as in special devices such as Office machines payroll. Many different applications algorithms are now available, and very advanced systems such as artificial intelligence algorithms can be common in the future.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial intelligence (AI), thought a term used in the broadest sense of the possibility of an artifact to point out the same types of features that are typical of human conduct. The ability to develop some man has since ancient times such artefact intrigued. With the growth of modern science, searching for AI has taken two main directions: psychological and physiological investigation of the nature of human thought, and the technological development of increasingly sophisticated computer systems.
In the last sentence, the term AI applied to computer systems and programs to perform State tasks more complex than simple programming, although still far from the realm of actual thought. The most important fields of research in this area are information processing, pattern recognition, game-playing computers, and applied to fields such as medical diagnosis. Current research in information processing deals with computer programs that want to understand written or spoken information and for the production of summaries, specific questions, or distribution of information to users interested in specific areas of this information. Are essential for such programs is the ability of the system for generating grammatically correct sentences and to links between words, ideas, and associations with other ideas. Research has shown that whereas the logic of language structure-its syntax-submit for the programming, the problem of meaning, or semantics, much deeper, in the direction of real AI.
In medicine, programs have been developed that the symptoms of the disease, medical history and laboratory test results of analyzing a patient, and set a diagnosis to the doctor. The diagnostic program is an example of so-called expert systems programs designed for performing tasks in specialized areas such as a man would. Expert systems a step further than simple programming computers, based on a technique called rule-based inference, in which preestablished line systems are used to process the data. Despite their sophistication, do not approach the complexity of the systems still true intelligent thought.
Many scientists remain doubtful that true AI can ever be developed. The functioning of the human mind still little understood, and computer design can essentially remain unable to duplicate analogy that unknown, complex processes. Different routes are used in the effort to achieve the objective of real AI. One approach is to the application of the concept of parallel processing-interlinked and simultaneous computer operations. Another is to create networks of experimental computer chips, Silicon neurons, that data processing functions of brain cells to mimic. Using analog technology emulate the transistors in nerve cell membranes, these chips to work with the speed of neurons.
LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Linear programming and operations research, mathematical-technique is used in administrative and economic planning to maximize the linear functions of a large number of variables, with certain restrictions. The development of high speed electronic computers and data-processing techniques has led to many recent advances in linear programming, and the technique is now widely used in industrial and military operations.
Linear programming is basically a collection of values, that are chosen from a prescribed number of numbers, which will maximize or minimize a certain polynomial form to find and this is illustrated by the ready; the manufacturer know that if many articles such as are produced can be sold.
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